Libelle of note

The smooth muscle fibres of the Deep layer are also known as the Musculus tarsalis superior (of Müller).

New subdivision used after Lockwood (1991 Plast Reconstr Surg 6:1009-1018) and Herlin et al.(2015 Surg Radiol Anat 37:731-741). Nowadays, most authors have agreed that the subcutaneous tissue consists of three main components, based on a concept by Lockwood (1991) who presented a superficial fascial system, focussing on the trunk and limbs: (1) the superficial adipose tissue; (2) an intermediate membranous later or superficial fascia, which can be either fibrous and/or muscular, and either single or multiple, this layer includes the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) of the face, and (3) the deep adipose tissue (Herlin et al. (2015).

Epitheliocyti gustatorii. A Taste bud contains three types of Sensory epithelial cells (Types 1 - 3), Basal cells (Type 4) and Supporting, peripheral (Perigemmal) cells (Type 5); see Benninghoff/Drenckhahn Anatomie 2004 16th ed, Band 2, pages 757/758. The type 1 cell is also known as Cellula obscura (dark cell), the type 2 and 3 cells as Cellulae clarae (clear cells).

The term skeleton fibrosum cordis is a general term for the fibrous scaffold supporting the valves and muscle fibres and electrically isolating the atria from the ventricles. It comprises a fibrous centre, two trigones, four anuli, three ligaments, the membranous septum and some related structures (Saremi et al. 2017 Radiographics 37:1330-1351 and Zimmerman 1966 Ann R Coll Surg Eng 39:348-366).

The right fibrous trigone together with the adjacent membranous septum and the insertion of the tendon of Todaro (currently listed as tendo spatii pyramidalis inferioris) form the so-called central fibrous body of the heart (Saremi et al. 2017 Radiographics 37:1330-1351).

Internodal tracts are bands of specialized myocytes, which are believed to extend between the sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes (James 1963 Am Heart J 66:498-508; James 2001 Prog Cardiovasc Dis 43:495-535; Seo et al. 2022 J Chest Surg 55:364-377).

The interatrial or interauricular bundle of Bachmann derives from the anterior internodal tract (Bachmann 1916 Am J Physiol 41:309-320).

The middle internodal tract was decribed by Wenckebach (1907 Arch Anat Physiol 1:1-2).

The posterior internodal tract was described by Thorel (1910 Münch med Wochenschr 57:183-186).

Fila coronaria are fibrous subendocardial cords, extensions of the fibrous trigones, forming about 75% of the anuli fibrosi (Kachlik et al. 2021 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 21:208-220).

Clinical term for a fibrous area between the fibrous trigones, the anulus fibrosus sinister and the anulus aorticus, important in aortic valvular replacement surgery (Saremi et al. 2017 Radiographics 37:1330-1351).

Fila coronaria are fibrous subendocardial cords, extensions of the fibrous trigones, forming about 75% of the anuli fibrosi (Kachlik et al. 2021 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 21:208-220).

The anulus aorticus and anulus trunci pulmonalis are integrated parts of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, encircling the corresponding ostia, and forming a scaffold for the corresponding valves (Saremi et al. 2017 Radiographics 37:1330-1351; Kachlik et al. 2021 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 21:208-220).

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